{"id":54240,"date":"2021-12-25T10:56:14","date_gmt":"2021-12-25T02:56:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/?p=54240"},"modified":"2021-12-25T10:56:15","modified_gmt":"2021-12-25T02:56:15","slug":"%e6%af%94%e5%b0%94%e7%9b%96%e8%8c%a8%e6%8e%a8%e8%8d%90%e3%80%8a%e5%a2%9e%e9%95%bf%e3%80%8b%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%80%e6%9c%ac%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8e%e5%a2%9e%e9%95%bf%e7%9a%84%e4%b9%a6%ef%bc%8c%e5%90%84%e7%a7%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/quan\/54240.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6bd4\u5c14\u76d6\u8328\u63a8\u8350\u300a\u589e\u957f\u300b\uff1a\u4e00\u672c\u5173\u4e8e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u589e\u957f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

After astronaut Rusty Schweickart looked down on Earth from space for the first time, he described a sense of awe that has become common to almost every space traveler since:\u201cYou realize that on that little blue and white thing there is everything that means anything to you, all history and music and poetry and art and death and birth and love, all of it on that little spot out there you can cover with your thumb.\u201dNASA calls this realization\u201cthe overview effect.\u201dNo matter what country you\u2019re from, you return from space with a feeling that our home is tiny, fragile, and something we need to protect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5b87\u822a\u5458\u62c9\u585e\u5c14\u00b7\u65bd\u5a01\u5361\u7279\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4ece\u592a\u7a7a\u4fef\u77b0\u5730\u7403\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6b64\u540e\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u592a\u7a7a\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u7684\u656c\u754f\u611f\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u84dd\u767d\u8272\u7684\u5c0f\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u4e00\u5207\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u8bd7\u6b4c\u3001\u827a\u672f\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3001\u51fa\u751f\u548c\u7231\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u90a3\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u62c7\u6307\u906e\u4f4f\u7684\u5c0f\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b87\u822a\u5c40\uff08NASA\uff09\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u603b\u89c2\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u6765\u81ea\u54ea\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f60\u4ece\u592a\u7a7a\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed\u65e2\u5c0f\u53c8\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u6bd4\u5c14\u76d6\u8328\u63a8\u8350\u300a\u589e\u957f\u300b\uff1a\u4e00\u672c\u5173\u4e8e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u589e\u957f\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Anyone who reads the new book Growth, the newest of 39 brilliant books by one of my favorite thinkers, will come away with similar urgency. The author, the Czech-Canadian professor Vaclav Smil, approaches things from a scientist\u2019s point of view, not an astronaut\u2019s, but he reaches the same conclusion: Earth is fragile and\u201cbefore it is too late, we should embark in earnest on the most fundamental existential [task] of making any future growth compatible with the long-term preservation of the only biosphere we have.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4efb\u4f55\u8bfb\u8fc7\u300a\u589e\u957f<\/a><\/span>\u300b\uff08Growth,\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u6682\u8bd1\uff09\u8fd9\u672c\u65b0\u4e66\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7d27\u8feb\u611f\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u6211\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u6700\u65b0\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u7b2c39\u672c\u6770\u4f5c\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6377\u514b\u88d4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u74e6\u79d1\u62c9\u592b\u00b7\u65af\u7c73\u5c14\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ece\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u800c\u975e\u5b87\u822a\u5458\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u5f85\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5730\u7403\u662f\u8106\u5f31\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u592a\u8fdf\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba4\u771f\u7740\u624b\u89e3\u51b3\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6027[\u4efb\u52a1]\uff0c\u4f7f\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u589e\u957f\u90fd\u4e0e\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u552f\u4e00\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u957f\u671f\u4fdd\u62a4\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Before I get into how Smil came to this conclusion, I should warn you. Although Growth is a brilliant synthesis of everything we can learn from patterns of growth in the natural and human-made world, it\u2019s not for everyone. Long sections read like a textbook or engineering manual. (\u201cA plot of the annual totals of passenger-kilometers flown by all US airlines between 1930 and 1980 produces a trajectory that is almost perfectly captured by the quartic regression (fourth order polynomial with r2=0.9998), and continuation of this growth pattern would have multiplied the 1980 level almost 10 times by 2015.\u201d) And it has 99 pages of references!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6211\u4ecb\u7ecd\u65af\u7c73\u5c14\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u300a\u589e\u957f\u300b\u795e\u5947\u822c\u5730\u7efc\u5408\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u548c\u4eba\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u589e\u957f\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u975e\u9002\u5408\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u5927\u6bb5\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u8bfb\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u662f\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u6216\u5de5\u7a0b\u624b\u518c\u3002\uff08\u201c1930\u81f31980\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u6bcf\u5e74\u98de\u884c\u7684\u65c5\u5ba2-\u516c\u91cc\u603b\u6570\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf\u56fe\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u56db\u6b21\u56de\u5f52\uff08r2=0.9998\u7684\u56db\u9636\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\uff09\u6355\u6349\u5230\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5ef6\u7eed\u8fd9\u79cd\u589e\u957f\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c1980\u5e74\u7684\u6570\u636e\u52302015\u5e74\u5c06\u7ffb\u4e0a10\u500d\u3002\u201d\uff09\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u90e8\u5206\u670999\u9875\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Smil writes,\u201cMy aim is to illuminate varieties of growth in evolutionary and historical perspectives and hence to appreciate both the accomplishments and the limits of growth in modern civilization… Simply put, this book deals in realities as it sets the growth of everything into long-term evolutionary and historical perspectives and does so in rigorous quantitative terms.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65af\u7c73\u5c14\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4ece\u8fdb\u5316\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u9610\u660e\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5206\u6790\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u589e\u957f\u6781\u9650\u2026\u2026\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u843d\u811a\u5230\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c06\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u589e\u957f\u7eb3\u5165\u957f\u671f\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u8f85\u4ee5\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When Smil says\u201cthe growth of everything,\u201dhe means everything. Chapter 1 introduces a lot of technical detail behind the three most common growth curves seen in our natural and built environments: linear, exponential, and hyperbolic. Even if you don\u2019t like math, don\u2019t let this chapter scare you off, because it makes a really important point: It destroys the idea that you can take an early growth curve for a particular development\u2014the uptake of the smartphone, for example\u2014and use it as the basis for predicting the future. Yes, Intel co-founder Gordon Moore made a surprisingly accurate prediction about the exponential growth in the number of transistors on a chip. But even that\u201claw\u201dis likely reaching the end of its useful life. Transistors are now so small, we\u2019re running into problems making them even smaller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f53\u65af\u7c73\u5c14\u8bf4\u201c\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u589e\u957f\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u589e\u957f\u66f2\u7ebf\uff08\u7ebf\u6027\u3001\u6307\u6570\u548c\u53cc\u66f2\u7ebf\uff09\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4f60\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u5413\u8dd1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u67d0\u6837\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u7387\uff09\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u589e\u957f\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u4f5c\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u8054\u5408\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u6208\u767b\u00b7\u6469\u5c14\uff0c\u5bf9\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u9884\u6d4b\u6cd5\u5219\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\u3002\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u73b0\u5728\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u96be\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u9020\u5f97\u66f4\u5c0f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The next few chapters are easier to follow. Chapter 2 is all about the growth of living systems\u2014from microorganisms to sequoia forests, and from humans to dinosaurs. (By the way, did you know that the T. rex weighed only a bit more than a male African elephant, and a tapeworm can live 25 years?) My favorite part of this chapter was Smil\u2019s discussion of food production, which is instructive for our foundation\u2019s work in agriculture and does a good job of explaining what kinds of productivity gains are possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u7ae0\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u5168\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u589e\u957f\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5230\u7ea2\u6749\u6797\uff0c\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u5230\u6050\u9f99\u3002\uff08\u987a\u9053\u4e00\u63d0\uff0c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u9738\u738b\u9f99\u53ea\u6bd4\u96c4\u6027\u975e\u6d32\u8c61\u7a0d\u5927\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u7ee6\u866b\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u80fd\u957f\u8fbe25\u5e74\u5417\uff1f\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u6211\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u65af\u7c73\u5c14\u5173\u4e8e\u98df\u7269\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f88\u6709\u542f\u53d1\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6570\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In chapter 3, he lands on a topic he knows better than just about anyone else: the development and diffusion of new sources of energy\u2014from traditional water wheels to nuclear reactors. He has covered a lot of this terrain in previous books such as his masterful Energy and Civilization. But here he\u2019s setting the stage for subsequent chapters on technological developments that were made possible by the conversion of resources like water, wind, carbon, and solar radiation into energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed6\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u66f4\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff1a\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6c34\u8f6e\u673a\u5230\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\uff0c\u65b0\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6269\u6563\u3002\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e2d\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u300a\u80fd\u6e90\u4e0e\u6587\u660e\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u540e\u9762\u51e0\u7ae0\u8bb2\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6c34\u3001\u98ce\u3001\u78b3\u548c\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u80fd\u6e90\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When I read chapters 4 (artifact<\/a><\/span>s, such as cathedrals, cars, and computers) and 5 (societies and economies), I had to marvel over how Smil\u2019s mind works. The way he synthesizes information from dozens of different domains is amazing. I also marveled over all the miracles that modern civilization is built on, including power grids, water systems, air transportation, and computing. The book gave me new appreciation for how many smart people had to try things out, make mistakes, and eventually succeed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f53\u6211\u8bfb\u5230\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u6559\u5802\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7b49\u4eba\u9020\u4e8b\u7269\uff09\u548c\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u60ca\u53f9\u4e8e\u65af\u7c73\u5c14\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u7efc\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u53f9\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u60ca\u53f9\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u8d56\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5947\u8ff9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7535\u7f51\u3001\u6c34\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u8fd0\u8f93\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4ee4\u6211\u5bf9\u65e0\u6570\u806a\u660e\u4eba\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u548c\u72af\u9519\u540e\u6700\u7ec8\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6b23\u8d4f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Smil\u2019s goal for these chapters is to show that no matter what domain you\u2019re talking about, eventually you hit growth limits. Steel, the backbone of modern economies, is a great example. After many years of metallurgical and mechanical innovation, we\u2019re simply not able to make it a lot cheaper or with a lot less energy. Ultimately, his analysis shows that what we\u2019re trying to do in terms of changing our physical economy and the energy flows upon which it is built would be unprecedented in our history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65af\u7c73\u5c14\u5199\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ae0\u8282\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f60\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5230\u589e\u957f\u6781\u9650\u3002\u94a2\u94c1\u2014\u2014\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u652f\u67f1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u51b6\u91d1\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u9769\u65b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5b83\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u6216\u5927\u5e45\u51cf\u5c11\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u3002\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u5e95\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u5b83\u6240\u4ef0\u4ed7\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8fd8\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5148\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In chapter 6 and in a brief coda, Smil sounds less like an academic than an activist. He concludes that\u201ctreating the biosphere as a mere assembly\u2026of goods and services to be exploited (and used as a dumping ground) with impunity\u2014must change in radical ways.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u548c\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u91cc\uff0c\u65af\u7c73\u5c14\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4e0d\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u628a\u751f\u7269\u5708\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u2026\u2026\u4e0d\u53d7\u60e9\u7f5a\u5730\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u4f5c\u503e\u5012\u573a\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I don\u2019t agree with all of his analysis. In particular, I\u2019m more optimistic than he is about the degree to which today\u2019s renewable energy technologies can be deployed, and the pace at which scientists and engineers will develop new clean sources. In my view, Smil underestimates our accelerating ability to model the physical world using digital technologies equipped with artificial intelligence. For example, future generations of clean energy will be designed and tested in computers, not on paper, before we try them in the world\u2014a process that will speed up innovation in a dramatic way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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But I\u2019ve always felt that Smil\u2019s great strength isn\u2019t predicting the future, it\u2019s documenting the past. There\u2019s great value in that\u2014you can\u2019t see what\u2019s coming next if you don\u2019t understand what\u2019s come before. Nobody sees the big picture with as wide an aperture as Vaclav Smil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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After astronaut Rusty Schweickart looked down on Earth from space for the first time, he d\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":54241,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2036],"tags":[113],"special":[],"class_list":["post-54240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-quan","tag-113","entry"],"views":41112,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54240","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54240"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54240\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/54241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54240"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.growthhk.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/special?post=54240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}